Infection was demonstrated in the following animal species:
Camel (Camelus bactrianus).
Antibodies were detected in the following animal species:
Cattle (Bos taurus).
Studies included in the literature review also tested, without following any confirmed cases, the following species: Alpaca (Vicugna pacos), Human (homo sapiens), Mosquitoes
The systematic literature review included a total of 49 articles for this agent. Data was retrieved from 24 countries.To see this information in a map, please refer to the Field studies tab in the menu at the top of this animal disease profile.
| Study context | Number of papers | Number of animal groups |
|---|---|---|
| Active surveillance | 18 | 20 |
| Outbreak investigation | 6 | 6 |
| Survey (designed sampling) | 3 | 6 |
| Passive surveillance | 1 | 1 |
| Other | 6 | 8 |
| Unspecified | 15 | 19 |
For official data on reported outbreaks, please visit the
“Geographical distribution section” of this animal disease profile (menu
on the top of the page).
Below we summarize information from the 6
references included in the literature review which referred to outbreak
investigations.
In the left panel you can find information about the entire systematic literature review. The specific references for this agent, and used in this section of the story map are listed below.